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  <title>NITRC News Group Forum: the-effect-of-leisure-activity-golf-practice-on-motor-imagery--an-fmri-study-in-middle-adulthood.</title>
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        &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The effect of leisure activity golf practice on motor imagery: an fMRI study in middle adulthood.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Front Hum Neurosci. 2012;6:67&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Authors:  Bezzola L, Mérillat S, Jäncke L&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Abstract&lt;br/&gt;
        Much is known about practice-induced plasticity of the motor system. But it is not clear how a physical training influences the mental rehearsal of the practiced task and its associated hemodynamic responses. In the present longitudinal study with two measurement time-points, we used the method of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a motor imagery task, in order to explore the dynamic neuro-functional changes induced by a highly complex physical training. The 11 golf novices between the age of 40 and 60 years practiced the motor training as leisure activity. Additionally, data from an age and sex-matched control group without golf training was collected. As a main result, we demonstrate that changes between the two measurement time-points were only found in the golf novice group. The golf novices showed a decrease in hemodynamic responses during the mental rehearsal of the golf swing in non-primary motor areas after the 40 h of golf practice. Thus, the results indicate that a complex physical leisure activity induces functional neuroplasticity in the seldom studied population of middle-aged adults, and that this effect is evident during mental rehearsal of the practiced task. This finding supports the idea that (a) a skill improvement is associated with a modified activation pattern in the associated neuronal network that can be identified during mental rehearsal of the practiced task, and that (b) a strict training protocol is not necessary to induce functional neuroplasticity.&lt;br/&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;PMID: 22479243 [PubMed - in process]&lt;/p&gt;
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