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  <title>NITRC News Group Forum: optimal-echo-time-for-functional-mri-of-the-infant-brain-identified-in-response-to-noxious-stimulation.</title>
  <link>http://www.nitrc.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=6581</link>
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	&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;left&quot;/&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Link&amp;amp;LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&amp;amp;from_uid=27654315&quot;&gt;Related Articles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Optimal echo time for functional MRI of the infant brain identified in response to noxious stimulation.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;          
        &lt;p&gt;Magn Reson Med. 2016 Sep 21;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Authors:  Goksan S, Hartley C, Hurley SA, Winkler AM, Duff EP, Jenkinson M, Rogers R, Clare S, Slater R&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Abstract&lt;br/&gt;
        PURPOSE: Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) brain activity, measured using functional MRI (fMRI), is dependent on the echo time (TE) and the reversible spin-spin relaxation time constant ( T2*) that describes the decay of transverse magnetization. Use of the optimal TE during fMRI experiments allows maximal sensitivity to BOLD to be achieved. Reports that T2* values are longer in infants (due to higher water concentrations and lower lipid content) have led to the use of longer TEs during infant fMRI experiments; however, the optimal TE has not been established.&lt;br/&gt;
        METHODS: In this study, acute experimental mildly noxious stimuli were applied to the heel in 12 term infants (mean gestational age = 40 weeks, mean postnatal age = 3 days); and the percentage change in BOLD activity was calculated across a range of TEs, from 30 to 70 ms, at 3 Tesla. In addition, T2* maps of the whole brain were collected in seven infants.&lt;br/&gt;
        RESULTS: The maximal change in BOLD occurred at a TE of 52 ms, and the average T2* across the whole brain was 99 ms.&lt;br/&gt;
        CONCLUSION: A TE of approximately 50 ms is recommended for use in 3T fMRI investigations in term infants. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.&lt;br/&gt;
        &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;PMID: 27654315 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]&lt;/p&gt;
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